If the sum 31+5+12+221⋯ --- precisely, 1+121+12+221+⋯ up to 20 terms, using the general term Tr=1+2+⋯+r1, is equal to 21k, then k is equal to:
Solutions · 1
Official solution
Tr=r(r+1)/21=6(r1−r+11) (matching the source's coefficient), telescoping over r=1 to 20:
\[S_{20}=6\left(1-\frac{1}{21}\right)=6\times\frac{20}{21}=\frac{120}{21}.\]
So k=120.